COASTAL AND MARITIME SECURITY OF INDIA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION: ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF SEA BED MINING

 This research paper aims to particularly provide a comprehensive analysis of the coastal and maritime security of India in the Indian Ocean Region, specifically focusing on the challenges and opportunities associated with sea bed mining in a kind of major way. The legal framework governing sea bed mining in India is primarily established by the “Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act)” in a really big way. This act grants the basically central government the authority to regulate and control mining operations within India’s territorial waters, really exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf, which generally is fairly significant. The paper highlights the challenges posed by sea bed mining, including the kind of potential environmental impact, adherence to basically international agreements and conventions, and technological and operational challenges. It explores the importance of conducting environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and implementing mitigation measures to basically ensure sustainable mining practices in a big way. The steps taken to abide by the rules and regulations set by the international organisations.